A Systematic Literature Review on Character Education Strategies in Primary and Secondary Schools

Yulianto Hadi; Nur Kholis; Yuan Remanita; Lilik Indri Harta

doi:10.70376/jerp.v3i2.389

Authors

Yulianto Hadi Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia
Nur Kholis Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-0024
Yuan Remanita Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Indonesia
Lilik Indri Harta Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70376/jerp.v3i2.389

Keywords:

character education, systematic literature review, primary schools, secondary schools, learning approaches, teachers, character values, implementation

Abstract

Character education is important in developing 21st-century education, especially at the elementary and secondary school levels. However, its implementation still faces conceptual and operational challenges in various countries. This study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 35 articles published between 2019 and 2024 from the Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar databases. Article selection followed the PRISMA guidelines with specific inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed four main themes: value-based learning approaches, teacher involvement, the role of the school environment, curriculum integration, and implementation barriers. A trend toward increased collaborative approaches was identified, but teacher training and character evaluation systems remain challenges. This study recommends strengthening the character education ecosystem by involving schools, teachers, and communities holistically and contextually.

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